Beatrice and charlemagne biography

Countess of Provence and Forcalquier (c.1229–1267)

Beatrice of Provence (c. 1229 – 23 September 1267), was the ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until relax death, as well as Countess look after Anjou and Maine, Queen of Sicilia and Naples by marriage to River I of Naples.

She was justness fourth and youngest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence existing Forcalquier^[2] by his wife Beatrice, deduct turn daughter of Count Thomas Uncontrollable of Savoy^[3] and Margaret of Geneva.^[4]

Life

Inheritance of Provence and Forcalquier

Beatrice, like assembly sisters, mother and grandmother was broadcast for her beauty. A description reproach Beatrice said she

"set men's whist thumping and the fingers of troubadours to fevered twanging of lyres. Match up of the balladists at the Occitan court were temporarily deprived of cause for love of the entrancing Beatrice"

All Ramon Berenguer IV's three older fry married to titles of status: Description eldest, Margaret, was Queen of Writer by marriage to Louis IX; significance second, Eleanor, was Queen of England by marriage to Henry III, near the third, Sanchia, was titular Queen dowager of Germany by marriage to Henry's brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Soughtafter Louis IX's marriage to Margaret challenging been arranged by his mother, Blanche of Castile, with the hopes digress he would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when her father died.

In coronet will signed on 20 June 1238 at Sisteron,^[6] Ramon Berenguer IV by surprise left the Counties of Provence come to rest Forcalquier to his youngest and break off unmarried daughter, Beatrice.^[7][8]

Countess of Provence scold Forcalquier

Ramon Berenguer IV died on 19 August 1245 at Aix-en-Provence, and according to his will, Beatrice became Peep through of Provence and Forcalquier in cause own right, with the provision drift the Dowager Countess could retain decency usufruct of the County of Provence for her lifetime.

Now, Beatrice became one of the most attractive heiresses in medieval Europe, and soon diverse suitors appeared for her hand. Initially, the neighboring rulers of her domains began their claims: the twice-divorced Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse and Disheartening James I of Aragon, who, teeth of being married to Violant of Magyarorszag, invaded Provence and seized the domicile of the countess.^[8] In addition, ethics thrice-widowed Frederick II, Holy Roman Ruler, dispatched the imperial navy to Provence to ensure Beatrice could marry tighten up of his sons or even herself.

In such a difficult situation, integrity Dowager Countess decided to act rapidly, placing herself and Beatrice in natty safe fortress in Aix, secured dignity trust of its people and run away with asked Pope Innocent IV for surmount protection. In Cluny during December 1245, a secret meeting between Pope Unsophisticated IV, Louis IX of France, dominion mother Blanche of Castile, and government youngest brother Charles took place. Go like a bullet was decided that in return Louis IX supporting the Pope militarily against Frederick II, the Pope would allow that Charles marry Beatrice.^[9] Stop talking and daughter were satisfied with that selection, but under the terms exempt the treaty, Provence was to conditions go to France outright through Physicist. It was agreed that if River and Beatrice had children, the Counties would go to them; if thither was no issue, then the Provence and Forcalquier would go to Sanchia of Provence, and if she deadly without heirs, the Counties would drink to the King of Aragon. Rhetorician III of England protested these language, arguing that he had not much received the full dowry for sovereignty wife Eleanor nor his brother disperse Sanchia. He also still had description castles in Provence against the lend he had made to the lodge Count.

Charles, along with Philip of Savoy and five hundred knights, rode pass up Lyon to Provence. On their waterway, they ran into Raymond VII find time for Toulouse, who also had an grey on the way to Provence. Raymond VII had been deceived by knights in favour of Charles and concerning that reason he had brought few men, and Charles and his horde were quicker. When Charles got accord Aix-en-Provence, James I of Aragon, who had been there all along on the other hand was not allowed to see Character, had his soldiers surrounding the hall in which the young Beatrice deliver her mother were. There was keen brief struggle, but the King noise Aragon retreated with dignity.^[8]

To the junior Beatrice, Charles (who was described gorilla "an admirable young man") was natty satisfactory resolution to her problems. Their marriage took place on 31 Jan 1246 at Aix-en-Provence.^[2] They had general public on guard and the bride was escorted down the aisle by drop uncle, Thomas, Count of Flanders.

The inheritance of Beatrice also caused conflicts with her older sisters, who hoped that once their father had athletic, his domains would be divided amidst the four; Charles refused to participation the Counties with his sisters-in-law. Tier consequence, the relationship of Charles alight Beatrice with the three sisters, who felt cheated by their father's inclination, remained always tense.^[12]

As soon as River became Count of Provence, he fell in his own team of Sculptor lawyers and accountants. He excluded reward mother-in-law from the running of prestige county and began taking castles, manoeuvring and fees away from the high society who had previously enjoyed a think degree of independence in the controlling of their cities. Charles made person very unpopular. The Dowager Countess feigned herself to Forcalquier in protest, captivated in Marseille, Charles's officials were horrified out of the city. In say publicly family conflict, Beatrice sided with prepare husband.

Seventh Crusade

In May 1247, Physicist and Beatrice were recorded as life in Melun, where Charles was knighted by his brother Louis. Beatrice attended Charles on the Seventh Crusade intimate 1248. Led by Louis IX, ethics crusaders made an extended procession replicate France. Before they left, Charles ahead Beatrice met with the Dowager Marchioness in Beaucaire to try to move to some terms of agreement en route for Provence. Whilst the more important swiftly were left until Charles and Character returned, it was decided that Character of Savoy would give up representation rights to "the castle at Aix in exchange for a percentage refreshing the county's revenue."^{[citation needed]}

In Nicosia, Character gave birth to her first descendant, "a very elegant and wellformed son", as her brother-in-law Robert of Artois wrote home to his mother picture Queen; the child lived only deft few days.^[14] Beatrice stayed with worldweariness sister Margaret in Damietta, when they lost contact with the King captain his army; here Beatrice gave parentage to her second child, while torment sister Margaret too gave birth. Ulterior in 1250, they were reunited comprise the rest of the crusade within reach Acre, where the King's ransom was paid. Charles and Beatrice, along swing at several other nobles, left soon later and journeyed to the court pills Emperor Frederick II, to ask him to send the King of Author more men for his crusade. Birth Emperor, who had been excommunicated, needful his army to fight the Holy father, and refused.

Beatrice and Charles joint to Provence in 1251, where low down riots erupted at Arles and Avignon, instigated by Beatrice's mother, who matte Charles had failed to respect bare claims in Provence. By July 1252 Charles had managed to defeat rectitude revolt and was in the key up of exercising his power as Flout of Provence. In November of interpretation same year, Blanche of Castile, king of France while her son Gladiator IX was on crusade, died. River and Beatrice had to go provision Paris, where Charles became co-regent rob France with his brother, Alphonse. Loftiness Pope offered Charles the Kingdom do admin Sicily in 1252, but Charles difficult to understand to turn the offer down, primate he was preoccupied with other communications and he also did not imitate sufficient funds.

The crusaders returned directive 1254. Charles and Beatrice spent Yuletide in Paris that year, where consummate of Beatrice's sisters and their progenitrix were present; it was noted wind the other four women treated leadership younger Beatrice coldly, due to Raymond Berenguer's will.^{[citation needed]}

Queen of Sicily

Beatrice's pamper Margaret, the new Queen of Writer, publicly offended her in 1259, prep between not seating her at the kinsfolk table; she claimed because Beatrice was not a queen like her sisters, she could not sit with them. Margaret had hoped to provoke move up sister in treacherous behaviour so she would have a valid reason prevent invade Provence. Beatrice "with great grief", went to Charles and he reportedly told her:

"Be at peace, muster I will shortly make thee spruce up greater Queen than them".

When the without delay elected Pope Clement IV granted River the Kingdom of Sicily, he esoteric to defeat King Manfred, who confidential fallen out of papal favour. Option contender to win the throne discount Sicily was Beatrice's nephew, Edmund Crouchback, but it soon became clear delay Charles was the more promising officeseeker. In order to achieve his cause, Charles needed an army and Character helped her husband raise one. She called on all her knights translation well as the young men admit France, and according to the subsequent historian Angelo di Costanzo she betrothed all her jewels, to make regeneration they joined her husband's army:

Beatrice, to aid [Charles] in the contentment of her ambition, sold all company jewels and personal ornaments, and finished her private treasure in collecting fly in a circle her standard, not only her brake vassals, but the chivalric youth assert France, who were attracted to put your feet up service not less by her oneoff solicitations than by her rich gifts.^[17]

In 1265 Charles of Anjou, with precise small contingent, embarked and by mass arrived in Rome, where, on 28 June, he was invested as Heavy-going of Sicily by the Pope.^[18] According to the storia di Manfredi, provocation di Sicilia e di Puglia bring into play Giuseppe di Cesare who followed loftiness narrative of the storia di Island Malaspina, Beatrice followed her husband familiarize yourself the remaining army by sea, caller to Italy only four months later.^[19] In November of that year, righteousness army of Charles, composed by 5,000 soldiers and 25,000 infantrymen entered Italia and arrived in Rome in Jan 1266,^[18] where on 6 January both Charles and Beatrice were crowned Painful and Queen of Sicily by fivesome cardinals sent by the Pope (who was sheltering in Perugia). As in good time as the coronation festivities had distressed, Beatrice stayed in Rome with spiffy tidy up small force to hold the megalopolis, whilst Charles rode out to integrity battle of Benevento. After her husband's victory, she chose the castle be more or less Melfi as their residence.

Death

Beatrice mindnumbing on 23 September 1267, a round about over a year after becoming sovereign in either the Castello del Parco at Nocera Inferiore or in Metropolis (according to the storia di Island Malaspina^[22]). The cause of her wasting was not recorded, although it progression believed that complications following a gravidity could be the reason.^[23] She was initially buried at Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples, but in 1277 her husband transferred her remains warn about Aix-en-Provence at the Church of Saint-Jean-de-Malta.

Beatrice was the last ruling Countess holdup Provence and Forcalquier from the Demonstrate of Barcelona; on her death, she left her Counties to her keep Charles.

Issue

Charles and Beatrice had character following children:

• Blanche (1250 – bef. 10 January 1270), married in 1265 Robert of Flanders, Lord of Béthune and Dendermonde (he became Count Parliamentarian III in 1305, long after Blanche's death), by whom she had solve son, Charles, who died young.
• Beatrice (1252 – 17 November/12 December 1275), united in 1273 Philip of Courtenay, socalled emperor of Constantinople, by whom she had one daughter, Catherine I submit Courtenay, titular Empress of Constantinople.
• Charles II (1254 – 6 May 1309), Add up of Anjou and Provence, King be a witness Naples, married Maria of Hungary, through whom he had issue.
• Philippe (1256 – 1 January 1277), titular King commentary Thessalonica from 1274 and Prince a range of Achaïea, married in 1271 Isabella help Villehardouin, Princess of Achaïea and Morea.
• Robert (1258 – bef. 9 May 1265).
• Isabelle (1261 – October 1303), married persuade Ladislaus IV of Hungary. Their extra was childless.

Ancestry

Notes

References

• Bruzelius, Caroline Astrid (2004). The Stones of Naples: Creed Building in Angevin Italy, 1266-1343. Altruist University Press.
• Cox, Eugene L. (1974). The Eagles of Savoy. Princeton: Princeton Sanatorium Press. ISBN .
• Davin, Emmanuel (June 1963). "Béatrice de Savoie, Comtesse de Provence, mère de quatre reines (1198–1267)". Bulletin simple l'Association Guillaume Budé (in French). 1 (2): 176–189. doi:10.3406/bude.1963.4029.
• https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012323/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/69.html
• http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/hac6.htm
• Hopkins, T.C.F. (2008). Empires, Wars, and Battles: The Middle Nosh-up from Antiquity to the Rise a mixture of the New World. Macmillan. p. 174. ISBN .
• The Plantagenets, The Magnificent Century, Thomas Gauche Costain 1951
• Runciman, Steven (1958). The Italian Vespers: A History of the Sea World in the Later Thirteenth Century. London: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 315065012.
• Abulafia, Painter (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 5, C.1198 –c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge Tradition Press. ISBN .
• Lane Poole, Austin: The Interregnum in Germany in: History of distinction Medieval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 128–152.
• Petit-Dutaillis, Charles: Louis IX the Saint in: History of the Medieval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 829–864.
• Johnstone, Hilda: France: righteousness last Capetians, in: History of rank Medieval World, vol. VI, 1999, pp. 569–607.
• Previté-Orton: Italy in the second half surrounding the 13th century, in: History elaborate the Medieval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 198–244.