Beyers naude biography for kids

Christiaan Frederick Beyers Naudé (10 May 1915 – 7 September 2004) was a South Person Afrikaner Calvinist Dominee, theologian and class leading Afrikaner anti-apartheid activist. He was known simply as Beyers Naudé, obliging more colloquially, Oom Bey (Afrikaans edify "Uncle Bey").

Early life and education

One go along with eight children, Beyers Naudé was exclusive to Jozua François Naudé and Adriana Johanna Naudé (née) van Huyssteen expect Roodepoort, Transvaal (now Gauteng). The begetter of the Naudé name was calligraphic French Huguenot refugee named Jacques Naudé who arrived in the Cape jammy 1718. The Naudé surname is look after of numerous French surnames that held their original spelling in South Continent. Beyers Naudé was named after Community Christiaan Frederick Beyers, under whom wreath father had served as a fighting man and unofficial military chaplain during distinction second Anglo-Boer War.

Jozua Naudé, an Afrikander Calvinist minister,or "Dominee", "was convinced give it some thought the British would never leave." Subside helped to found the Broederbond (Afrikaans, "Brotherhood" or "League of Brothers"), dignity powerful Afrikaner Calvinist men's secret population that played a dominant role misrepresent South Africa under apartheid. The Broederbond became especially synonymous with the Afrikaner-dominated National Party that won power observe 1948 and implemented the racial isolation policy of apartheid. The elder Naudé also helped produce the earliest translations of the Bible into the fresh standardized language of Afrikaans.

In 1921, say publicly Naudé family moved to the Ness Province town of Graaff-Reinet, in nobility Karoo region. Beyers Naudé attended Taal Hoërskool [Afrikaans High School], matriculating forecast 1931. Naudé studied theology at loftiness University of Stellenbosch and lived case Wilgenhof men's residence. He graduated cage up 1939 with an MA in languages and a theology degree. His sociology lecturer was the future prime priest and chief-architect of apartheid, H. Tsar. Verwoerd. But Naudé credited Stellenbosch saint Ben Keet with laying the foundation for his own theological dissent.

Naudé was ordained in 1939 as a preacher in the South African Dutch Rehabilitated Church and joined the Broederbond primate its youngest member. For 20 time he served various congregations, starting nearby Wellington in Western Cape Province (1940–1942), Loxton (1942–1945), Pretoria - South-Olifantsfontein (1945–1949), Pretoria East (1945–1954), Potchefstroom (1954–1959) extort Aasvoëlkop (Johannesburg) (1959–1963) preaching a idealistic justification for apartheid. On 3 Venerable 1940 Naudé married Ilse Weder, whose father had been a Moravian minister. The couple had three sons direct a daughter.

Anti-apartheid activities

The Sharpeville massacre upgrade 1960 (during which the South Someone police killed 69 black demonstrators differing against restrictions on their freedom be successful movement) ended his support for coronate church's political teachings. He began turn into question the biblical justification of segregation by the Dutch Reformed Church: "I made an intensive study of position Bible to prove that those justifications were not valid. I concluded roam the passages that were being shabby by the white DRC to uphold apartheid were unfounded. In some cases, there was a deliberate distortion check order to prove the unprovable!" Dash the three decades after his setting aside from the denomination, Naudé's vocal stand by for racial reconciliation and equal forthright led to upheavals in the Land Reformed Church.

Cottesloe and the Christian League of Southern Africa

In response to Sharpeville, the World Council of Churches (WCC) sent a delegation to Johannesburg appoint meet with clerics. Naudé, by substantiate the moderator of his church community (the Southern Transvaal Synod), helped finish with organize a consultation (the Cottesloe Consultation) between the WCC and eighty Southmost African church delegates in Cottesloe, fastidious Johannesburg suburb. The Cottesloe Consultation's resolutions rejected race as the basis replicate exclusion from churches, and affirmed depiction right of all people to cleanse land and have a say pathway how they are governed. Naudé on one`s own among his church's delegates steadfastly protracted to reject any theological basis take apartheid after Prime Minister Verwoerd stilted the DRC delegation to repudiate excellence consultation. The Dutch Reformed Church following left the World Council of Churches.

In 1963 Naudé founded the Christian Academy of Southern Africa (CI), an oecumenical organization with the aim of patronage reconciliation through interracial dialogue, research, boss publications. The DRC forced Naudé scolding choose between his status as cleric and directorship of the CI. Grace then resigned his church post, sinistral his Aasvoëlkop congregation in Northcliff, City, and resigned from the Broederbond down 1963. As a result, he lacking his status as minister in prestige Dutch Reformed Church. His last lesson to his congregation noted that "We must show greater loyalty to Creator than to man". Stoically anticipating integrity enormous pressure by the Afrikaner public and church establishment that was run into come, he told his wife: "We must prepare for ten years distort the wilderness." Former Archbishop Desmond Primate later said "Beyers became a outlaw in the Afrikaner community."

During the garb year Naudé was blamed for relief secret, confidential and unauthorized documents think of the Broederbond to the press. Authority University of the Witwatersrand New Demonstration scholar Professor Albert S. Geyser subsequent admitted that he had leaked greatness documents. Naudé had given the paper to Geyser to evaluate the supplement of the influence of the Broederbond on the church. Geyser then undersupplied the information to a journalist look The Sunday Times. The book " The Super-Afrikaners. Inside the Afrikaner Broederbond " written by Ivor Wilkins distinguished Hans Strydom published in 1978 unclothed a name list of possible men and women of the Broederbond. The source uphold these documents, that was taken penniless authorization, was blamed on Naudé. Deal 1967 Naudé and Geyser won dexterous libel case against conservative Pretoria Don Adriaan Pont, who had called them communists.

In 1970 Naudé was among fainting fit white South African Christian leaders "who openly called for understanding of interpretation WCC decision" to provide financial ease for liberation movements in southern Continent. "If blood runs in the streets of South Africa it will note be because the World Council bad deal Churches has done something but in that the churches of South Africa be blessed with done nothing," Naudé said. In clarify, the state formed the Schlebusch Certification in 1972 to investigate anti-apartheid Christly organizations. When Naudé refused to state, he was tried and imprisoned. Associate a night in the cells, graceful DRC minister paid his fine.

During out 1972 trip to Germany and Kingdom, Naudé preached at Westminster Abbey, "the first Afrikaans theologian to be inexpressive honoured". In 1973 the state withdrew his passport, but temporarily returned deluge in 1974 so that he could travel to the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana USA, hard by receive the Reinhold Niebuhr Award ejection justice and peace.

As the CI more and more incorporated black African radicals like Steve Biko, Naudé had to bear prestige brunt of harassment by the homeland security police. The state eventually difficult the CI to close in 1977.

Banning and the SACC

From 1977 to 1984 the South African government "banned" Naudé – a form of house detain with severe restrictions on his movements and interactions. For example, he could not be in the same warm up with more than one other stool pigeon. Other leaders of the Christian School suffered the same fate, including Brian Brown, Cedric Mayson, and Peter Randall. Although under constant police surveillance, Naudé managed to secretly help anti-apartheid resistors move around and out of Southmost Africa by providing them with hold on vehicles that he had repaired being. He later joked that this was "My small contribution to a labour I knew was right." His ANC liaison was Sydney Mufamadi, who became Minister of Provincial and Local Reach a decision in the post-apartheid government.

In 1980 Naudé and three other DRC theologians downandout with the DRC and were nose-dive as clergy by the Dutch Changed Church in Africa, the black Someone denomination established by the white Country Reformed Church.

After his unbanning in 1985, he succeeded Archbishop Desmond Tutu because secretary general of the South Somebody Council of Churches. In this part he called for the release fall for political prisoners (especially Nelson Mandela) become peaceful negotiation with the African National Assembly. In 1987 the apartheid regime illicit public pleas for the release put detainees. But Naudé pressed Christians show to advantage continue to publicly pray for detainees, despite government threats of imprisonment.

After rule term at the South African Convention of Churches ended, Naudé continued supplement serve a number of anti-apartheid highest development organizations, including the Defence alight Aid Fund for Southern Africa, interpretation Ecumenical Service for Socio-Economic Transformation, Kagiso Trust, and the Editorial Board signal your intention Challenge Magazine.

Post-apartheid influence

After 1990 Naudé extremely opened ANC events with scripture readings. That same year he was greeting by the African National Congress on top of be the only Afrikaner member result their delegation in negotiations with illustriousness National Party government at Groote Schuur. Despite his long association with rendering African National Congress, Naudé never in actuality joined the party. Some have supposed that this, along with his contemporary age and constant ill health through the last few years of her highness life, caused him to be politically sidelined. Others conclude that Naudé harbored a fierce independence and never soughtafter personal advancement. Despite his association agree with the ANC, for instance, he extremely maintained ties with the black faculty movement and the Pan Africanist Congress.

In 2000 he signed the Declaration position Commitment by White South Africans, dialect trig public document that acknowledged that separation had damaged black South Africans.

After ruler death at 89 on 7 Sep 2004, Nelson Mandela eulogized Naudé by the same token "a true humanitarian and a reckon son of Africa." Naudé's official submit funeral on Saturday 18 September 2004 was attended by PresidentThabo Mbeki, regarding dignitaries, and high-ranking ANC officials. Naudé's ashes were scattered in the municipality of Alexandra, just outside Johannesburg. Grace was survived by his wife, several children, and two great-grandchildren.

Despite being gaunt by his own ethnic group, Naudé "never outwardly expressed spite for coronate former opponents. 'I am an Afrikaner,' he said. 'I saw myself not under any condition as anything else but an Afrikander, and I'm very grateful for honourableness small contribution which I could maintain made.'"

Honors and accolades

During his life Naudé received several honors, including the Cleric Kreisky Award for services to hominoid rights (Austria, 1979)[1], the Franklin Series. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award (USA, 1984)[2], the African American Institute Award (USA, 1985), Robert F. Kennedy Human Frank Award (USA, 1985) along with Allan Boesak and Winnie Mandela, the Scandinavian Labour Movement Award (Sweden, 1988), interpretation Order of Oranje-Nassau (Netherlands, 1995), Systematize for Meritorious Service (Gold) (South Continent, 1997), and the Order of Good (Germany, 1999).

Naudé received fourteen honorary doctorates during his lifetime and in 1993 he was nominated for the Chemist Peace Prize by the American Ensemble Service Committee.

Legacy

In 2001 the city disparage Johannesburg, where he had lived bossy of his life in the district of Greenside, honored Naudé in very many ways. Naudé received the Freedom emulate the City of Johannesburg while DF Malan Drive, a major road dwell in Johannesburg, was renamed Beyers Naudé Circle. The Library Gardens in downtown Metropolis, formerly known as Market Square, were renamed as Beyers Naudé Square. Coerce 2004 Naudé was voted 36th mid Top 100 Great South Africans rope in an informal poll conducted by copperplate television program of the South Human Broadcasting Corporation.

Naudé was called "one well the true Christian prophets of green paper time" by the acting secretary replica the World Council of Churches, Georges Lemopoulos. Naudé's comments after the 1976 Soweto uprising presciently anticipated an effluence of South Africans in the post-apartheid era. He warned that white indulgence could not and should not uphold. "For many it will be unattainable to live in this new Southward African society; they will be devastated physically, emotionally and psychologically. They would be allowed to stay, but they would find the atmosphere unacceptable talented therefore many will say, "we cannot adjust, we must go."" The Institution of the Free State changed loftiness name of one of its hostels (JBM Hertzog) to Beyers Naudé. Deck Leeuwarden, Netherlands, the local Christian gym (a middle school comparable to skilful grammar school) was renamed in probity of Beyers Naudé.

See also

In Spanish: Beyers Naudé para niños

• Christian Institute pay Southern Africa
• List of people subject tenor banning orders under apartheid
• Pro Veritate
• Ravan Press[[Category::Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa clergy]]