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Edward pellew biography

Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth

Royal Navy Admiral (1757–1833)

"Edward Pellew" redirects here. For second 1 people, see Edward Pellew (disambiguation).

AdmiralEdward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 Apr 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. He fought during the American War of Self-rule, the French Revolutionary Wars, and depiction Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Kingdom Pellew also pursued a naval being.

Childhood

Pellew was born at Dover, picture second son of Samuel Pellew (1712–1764), commander of a Dover packet,[1] endure his wife, Constantia Langford.[2]

The Pellew parentage was Cornish, descended from a lineage that came originally from Normandy, on the contrary had for many centuries been inveterate in the west of Cornwall. Edward's grandfather, Humphrey Pellew (1650–1721), a dealer and ship owner, son of unblended naval officer, resided at Flushing citadel in the parish of Mylor. Almost all of the town of Flushing was built by Samuel Trefusis, MP expend Penryn; the other part was colour by Humphrey Pellew, who was covered there. He also had a affluence and a tobacco plantation in Colony. Part of the town of Annapolis stands on what was, before representation American Revolution, the estate of picture Pellews.[citation needed]

On the death of Edward's father in 1764 the family standoffish to Penzance, and Pellew was cultured for some years at Truro Equip School.[1][3] He was a pugnacious prepubescence, which did not endear him give somebody the job of his headmaster. He ran away repeat sea at the age of 14, but soon deserted because of foul treatment to another midshipman. Pellew dubious himself as "pock-marked, ugly, uninteresting tell off uneducated"; a naval historian adds stray he was "tough, brave, skilful, loaded, and unscrupulous".[4]

Early career

1770s

In 1770, Pellew entered the Royal Navy on board HMS Juno[1] with Captain John Stott, and uncomplicated a voyage to the Falkland Islands. In 1772, he followed Stott do HMS Alarm and in her was get in touch with the Mediterranean for three years. Slur consequence of a high-spirited quarrel interchange his captain, he was put soul shore at Marseilles where he muddle up an old friend of his father's in command of a merchant compress. He was able to get uncut passage to Lisbon and so sunny.

He was later in HMS Blonde, mess up the command of Captain Philemon Pownoll, which took General John Burgoyne posture America in the spring of 1776. In October, Pellew and midshipman Brownness were detached for service in excellence Carleton tender on Lake Champlain, convince Lieutenant Dacres. During the Battle blond Valcour Island on 11 October, Dacres and Brown were both severely offended, and the command devolved on Pellew. Pellew extricated the vessel from unornamented position of great danger by circlet personal gallantry. As a reward make his service, he was immediately equipped to command the Carleton. In Dec, Lord Howe promised him a forty winks as lieutenant when he could border on New York, and in the closest January Lord Sandwich wrote promising goslow promote him when he came breathe new life into England. In the summer of 1777, Pellew and a small party holiday seamen were attached to the bevy under Burgoyne, and he was up to date in the fighting at Saratoga,[1] circle his youngest brother John was attach. He and the rest of honourableness force were taken prisoner. After position surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, proceed was repatriated.

He returned to England and was promoted on 9 Jan 1778 to be lieutenant of birth Princess Amelia guardship at Portsmouth. Why not? wanted to be appointed to systematic seagoing ship, but Lord Sandwich thoughtful that he was bound by excellence terms of the surrender at Saratoga not to undertake any active bravado. Towards the end of the day, he was appointed to the Licorne which went out to Newfoundland dainty the spring of 1779, returning market the winter, when Pellew was affected into the Apollo with his run captain Pownoll. On 15 June 1780, the Apolloengaged a large French officer, the Stanislaus, off Ostend. Pownoll was killed by a musket-shot, but Pellew continued the action and dismasted high-mindedness Stanislaus, driving her on shore annulus she was protected by the justice of the coast. On the Ordinal, Lord Sandwich wrote to him: "I will not delay informing you range I mean to give you pressing promotion as a reward for your gallant and officer-like conduct." On 1 July, he was accordingly promoted find time for the command of the sloop Hazard, which was employed for the vocation six months on the east skim of Scotland and was then receive off.

Peacetime service

In March 1782 Pellew was appointed to the Pelican,[1] put in order small French prize, so small implausibly that he used to say "his servant could dress his hair be different the deck while he sat assume the cabin."[citation needed] On 28 Apr while cruising on the coast be unable to find Brittany, he engaged three privateers boss drove them on shore. In key reward for this service, he was promoted to post rank on 25 May[1] and, ten days later, was appointed to the temporary command have fun the Artois,[1] in which he captured a large frigate-built privateer on 1 July.

From 1786 to 1789, forbidden commanded the frigate Winchelsea under influence Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland,[1] returning home each coldness by Cádiz and Lisbon. Afterwards, dirt commanded the Salisbury on the garb station as flag-captain to Vice-Admiral Milbanke. In 1791, he was placed fluctuation half-pay and tried his hand urge farming on Treverry Farm near Helston, a property owned by his fellow-man who was a senior customs office-holder of Flushing. This met with apathetic success, during which time he attempted to sell a bull, only message find that it was in greatness ownership of a neighbouring farmer.

The Russians offered him a command take back the Russian navy but Pellew declined the offer. He was still final with the difficulties of his homestead when the revolutionary government of Author declared war on Great Britain attention 1 February 1793.

Wartime service

Pellew instantly applied for a ship and was appointed to the Nymphe, a 36-gun frigate which he fitted out personal a remarkably short time. He confidential expected a good deal of disaster in manning her and had enlisted some 80 Cornish miners who were sent round to the ship improve on Spithead. He put to sea get these and about a dozen seamen, plus officers who were obliged disapproval help in the work aloft. Dirt filled his complement of crew soak pressing from the merchant ships join the Channel, but with very scarcely any seasoned navy men. On 18 June, Nymphe sailed from Falmouth on description news that two French frigates locked away been seen in the Channel.

At the action of 18 June 1793, Nymphe fell in with the Cléopâtre, also of 36 guns and obligatory by Captain Jean Mullon, one have a high regard for the few officers of the ancien régime who still remained in leadership French navy. After a short on the contrary very sharp action, Cléopâtre's mizzenmast added wheel were shot away, making goodness ship unmanageable, and it fell freedom of the Nymphe. Pellew's crew boarded her in a fierce rush refuse captured her. Mullon was mortally defective, and died trying to swallow government commission, which in his dying desperation he had mistaken for the statute of secret signals. The code wise fell intact into Pellew's hands, added was forwarded to the Admiralty. Cléopâtre was the first frigate taken send out the war and was brought get on the right side of Portsmouth. The Earl of Chatham nip Pellew to the king on 29 June, and the king knighted him.[1]

Pellew transferred to HMS Arethusa in December 1793. In 1794, Arethusa was part tip off the western squadron of frigates homespun at Falmouth under Sir John Borlase Warren. On 23 April, the platoon engaged a French squadron to class southwest of Guernsey, the stronger Island force quickly overpowering their opponents patent an action where Arethusa played significance primary role in fighting the Pomone, at the time the largest frigate in service. Pomone surrendered after turnout engagement that lasted less than onehalf an hour. The French had greeting between 80 and 100 casualties; Arethusa had only three dead and fivesome wounded. Warren's squadron went on obviate destroy one frigate and capture option. They also drove ashore the corvettes Alerte and Espion, both of which had been Royal Navy sloops. Pellew refused to burn either ship, rightfully they contained wounded men, and justness French later refloated Espion. The outfit also captured many vessels from Sculpturer coastal convoys.

Service in the Sculpturer Revolutionary War

By 1794, he was commodore of the Western Squadron. In 1795, he took command of HMS Indefatigable, rank ship with which he is leading closely associated. The squadron also comprised the frigates HMS Argo, HMS Concord, HMS Révolutionnaire, bracket HMS Amazon.[5]

He was a good swimmer take up noted for saving the lives watch several seamen who had fallen morsel. The most striking life-saving event was on 26 January 1796 when distinction East IndiamanDutton was carrying more prior to four hundred troops, together with profuse women and children, when it ran aground under Plymouth Hoe. Due hurt the heavy seas, the crew endure soldiers aboard were unable to obtain to shore. Pellew swam out imagine the wreck with a line enjoin, with help from young Irishman Prophet Coghlan, helped rig a lifeline put off saved almost all aboard. For that feat he was created a bart on 18 March 1796.[6]

On 13 Apr 1796, off the coasts of Hibernia, his squadron captured the French frigate Unité, and the Virginie nine date later.

His most noted action was the action of 13 January 1797, cruising in company with HMS Amazon, as the British sighted the French 74-gun ship of the lineDroits de l'Homme. Normally, a ship of the zip up would over-match two frigates, but ethics Indefatigable was a razée (built monkey a 3rd rate 64-gun ship order the line and then cut down), the stormy conditions limited the utilize of the lower gun deck category the French ship and by sailing in the stormy conditions, say publicly frigates avoided bearing the brunt splash the superior firepower of the Sculpturer. In the early morning of 14 January, the three ships were embayed on a lee shore in Audierne Bay. Both the Droits de l'Homme and Amazon ran aground, but Indefatigable managed to claw her way bottleneck the lee shore to safety.[1]

Pellew was also responsible for pressing young musician and composer Joseph Antonio Emidy who had been playing in the Lisboa Opera orchestra.

Admiralcy and peerage

Pellew was promoted to rear admiral in 1804. He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief, Bulge Indies. It took six months do as you are told sail out to Penang, so of course took up the appointment in 1805.

When in February 1808 Pellew was at sea in his flagship, HMS Culloden, he heard of the outbreak provide war between the United Kingdom snowball Denmark. He immediately sailed to grandeur Danish settlement at Tranquebar, taking drop by surprise. When Admiral Drury attained to replace Pellew as C-in-C, Puff up Indies, and to seize Tranquebar, grace found that he was too have a lot to do with. Pellew's seizing the moment gained him some £40,000–50,000 in prize money.[7]

Following fulfil return from the east in 1809, he was appointed to the attire of Commander-in-Chief, North Sea from 1810 to 1811[8] and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, hit upon 1811 to 1814,[1] and again evacuate 1815 to 1816.[9]

In 1814, he was made Baron Exmouth of Canonteign. Conduct yourself 1816, he led an Anglo-Dutch convoy against the Barbary states. Victory close the Bombardment of Algiers secured interpretation release of the 1,200 Christian slaves in the city.[1] For this travel, he was created 1st Viscount Exmouth on 10 December 1816.[1] Following coronet return to England, he became Captain, Plymouth from 1817 to 1821,[10] conj at the time that he effectively retired from active letting. He continued to attend and be in contact in the House of Lords. Terminate 1832, he was appointed Vice-Admiral celebrate the United Kingdom and Admiral robust the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet, Knight Grand Cross of integrity Most Honourable Military Order of birth Bath, also of the Royal come to rest distinguished Order of Charles III ceremony Spain, of the Military Order sell William of the Netherlands, of character Royal Sicilian Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit, of the Order complete St Maurice and St Lazarus grip Sardinia, Knight of the Most Fair and Most Ancient Order of say publicly Annunziata of the Royal House objection Savoy, High Steward of Great Yarmouth, and one of the Elder Laity of the Hon. Corporation of illustriousness Trinity House.

He bought Bitton Boarding house in Teignmouth in 1812 and be evidence for was his home until his termination in 1833. He was buried keep Christow on the eastern edge lady Dartmoor on 30 Jan 1833. Unembellished note on the parish burial top secret states, "No Singing, No Sermon". Decency museum in Teignmouth has a adequate collection of artefacts that belonged say nice things about him.[11]

Marriage and family

On 28 May 1783, Pellew married Susan Frowde.[1] They abstruse four sons and two daughters. These children were:[12]

Geographical namesakes

The Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands situated in interpretation Gulf of Carpentaria were named tail Pellew by Matthew Flinders, who visited them in 1802. Other Australian geographic features include Cape Pellew (adjacent appendix the islands) and Exmouth Gulf.

Point Pellew, Alaska was named after Pellew by Captain George Vancouver during reward expedition in 1794.[14]

Palau (formerly the Pellew or Pelew Islands), east of illustriousness Philippines, is often said to exist named for Edward Pellew, but most distant was called that by Captain Orator Wilson in 1783 which was vigorous before Pellew came to prominence. Kosher appears to be an anglicization exhaustive the indigenous name Belau.

There admiration also a building named after him in HMS Raleigh, where Naval basic devotion is conducted, that is used makeover sleeping quarters for new recruits. Furthermore, a Sea Cadet Unit in Truro is called T.S. Pellew.

A house at Wyvern Barracks in Exeter, County is used as a temporary accommodation and a training facility for interpretation Army Cadet force as well chimp other units. It was handed corrupt to the army from the argosy. However, it retains the name Pellew House in memory of Sir Prince Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Fictional appearances

Pellew is featured as the Captain treat Indefatigable in some of C. Savage. Forester's fictional Horatio Hornblower novels. Directive the television adaptations, he is portray by Robert Lindsay and given well-ordered more prominent role. He appears laugh a midshipman in the novel Jack Absolute by Chris Humphreys. Pellew assessment the name of a minor insigne in several of Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels, including The Reverse of depiction Medal and The Surgeon's Mate. Let go has a small role as clean up captain in the American Revolution accomplish Rabble in Arms, a historical version by Kenneth Roberts. He appears timely Alexander Kent's Adam Bolitho novel Relentless Pursuit, which partially relates to Pellew's expedition against the Barbary States. Grace also appears in the twenty-second Clockmaker Kydd novel, To The Eastern Seas by Julian Stockwin.

Arms

Crest
Upon the waves of the sea the wreck loosen the Dutton East Indianman upon practised rocky shore off Plymouth garrison label Proper.
Escutcheon
Gules a lion passant guardant satisfaction chief two chaplets of laurel Liberate on a chief of augmentation crinkly a representation of Algiers with wonderful British Man-of-War before it all Proper.
Supporters
Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or navally crowned Azure resting the dexter maul upon a decrescent Argent, sinister dialect trig male figure representing slavery trowsers Silverware striped Azure the upper part unknot the body naked holding in justness dexter hand broken chains Proper glory sinister arm elevated and holding a- cross Or.
Motto
Deo Adjuvante (over the crest), Algiers (under the shield) [15]

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmn"Edward Pellew at Oxford Dictionary of Popular Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21808. Retrieved 3 April 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^"Samuel Pellew (1712–1765)". . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  3. ^Nicholas Carlisle, A concise description of the appropriate grammar schools in England, vol. 1 (1818), p. 151
  4. ^The Command of righteousness Ocean. A naval history of Kingdom 1649-1815. Nicholas A. M. Rodger. Penguin, 2006, p. 386.
  5. ^Campagnes, thriomphes, revers, désastres et guerres civiles des Français time off 1792 à la paix de 1856, F. Ladimir et E. Moreau. Librairie Populaire des Villes et des Campagnes, 1856 Tome 5, pp.42-43
  6. ^Moseley, Brian (11 January 2011). "The "Dutton" and Chieftain Edward Pellew". The Encyclopaedia of Colony History. Archived from the original deal 28 September 2013. Retrieved 12 Feb 2015.
  7. ^"Sunday's Post". Bury and Norwich Post: Or, Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, increase in intensity Ely Advertiser (Bury Saint Edmunds, England),16 August 1809; Issue 1416.
  8. ^A New Clean up Dictionary, of 3000 Cotemporary Public Signs, British and Foreign, of All Ranks and Professions. G. B. Whittaker. 1835. p. 36.
  9. ^Parkinson, pp. 417, 470.
  10. ^"Dix Noonan Webb". 12 June 1991. Retrieved 3 Apr 2011.
  11. ^"Teignmouth & Shaldon Museum". 2006. Archived from the original on 2 Hawthorn 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  12. ^Lodge, Edmund (1844). The Peerage of the Land Empire as at Present Existing. London: Saunders and Otley. p. 216.
    and Burke's Peerage (99th ed.). 1949. p. 732., for dates be a witness death that occurred after Lodge was published.
  13. ^"Frances Helen Pellew (1835–1917)". . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  14. ^Orth, Donald J., "Dictionary of Alaska Place Names", page 747, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967.
  15. ^Burke's Peerage. 1838.

References

  • Adkins, Roy; Adkins, Lesley (2007). The War for All Oceans. London: Calculator. ISBN .
  • Mahan, A.T. (1902) "Pellew: The Frigate Captain and Partisan Officer" in: Types of Naval Officers: drawn from authority history of the British Navy; Moment VII. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
  • Osler, Edward (1854) Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. London: Geo. Routledge & Co., 235 p., Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
  • Parkinson, C. Northcote (1934) Edward Pellew, Viscount Exmouth, Admiral dear the Red. London: Methuen & Co., 478 p.
  • Taylor, Stephen (2012) Commander: Character Life and Exploits of Britain's Focal point Frigate Captain, Faber

External links