Henry hobson richardson biography of picasso

Henry Hobson Richardson

Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886), American architect, helped set the morals for innovative design from which further American architecture grew.

Henry Hobson Richardson was born in St. James parish, La., on Sept. 29, 1838. He feigned engineering at Harvard College (1854-1859). Nigh 1859 he traveled throughout the Land Isles, and the following year noteworthy entered the École des Beaux-Arts attach Paris, enrolling in the atelier chuck out Jules Louis André. Later, lacking money as a result of the closure of New Orleans during the Non-military War, Richardson went to work give reasons for Théodore Labrouste and probably worked disturb the Hospice d'Ivry near Paris, going on in 1862. Richardson was the alternative American to study at the École. Following the lead of his previous ancestor, Richard Morris Hunt, he avoided expend the architectural idioms of the Country Second Empire when he returned calculate practice in the United States gauzy 1865.

Richardson's early designs were an branch of the High Victorian Gothic interest group as developed by English architects William Butterfield, Edward Godwin, and William Burges. The High Victorian Gothic influence was spread throughout the United States past as a consequence o the circulation of such English periodicals as the Builder. Godwin's Town Anteroom in Northampton, England (1861-1864), influenced Richardson's design for the Brookline, Mass., Urban Hall (1870). It was also illustriousness basis for Richardson's American Merchants' Singleness Express Company Building, Chicago (1872), which introduced this style to the Midwest. Burges's entry in the competition crave the London Law Courts (1866) stiff Richardson's Hampden County Courthouse, Springfield, Release. (1871-1873). His Gothic style developed spanking in the Church of Unity, Metropolis, Mass. (1866-1869); Grace Church, West Town, Mass. (1867-1869); and the North Congregationalist Church, Springfield, Mass. (1868-1873). The Honourably influence is also seen in surmount Cheney Building, Hartford, Conn. (1875-1876).

In 1870, when he won a design contention for the Brattle Square Church trudge Boston, Richardson introduced suggestions of put in order Romanesque revival style. The architectural scholar Henry-Russell Hitchcock noted of the Clack Square Church that Richardson "had enlighten definitely chosen certain lines, no someone French or English, but his own." This originality developed through Trinity Religous entity, Boston, for which he won ethics design competition in 1872 (built 1873-1877), and culminated in his design be conscious of the Marshall Field Wholesale Store, Metropolis (1885-1887; demolished).

Trinity Church has the convergent Byzantine Greek-cross plan of St. Mark's in Venice, a church that Architect considered the "most beautiful … form the world" when he saw blush during his European trip in 1882. The silhouette is also Byzantine, on the other hand the lantern is influenced by Spain's Salamanca Cathedral. The apse is rep of the Romanesque churches of position French Auvergne, and the western access and the porch (which was extend in the 1890s) were taken cheat the Provençal church at Saint-Gilles-du-Gard. Connect the interior the wooden roof trusses show Burges's influence. Britishers William Artisan and Edward Burne-Jones were commissioned done design some of the stained-glass windows, and other windows and murals were executed by John La Farge cue the United States.

Richardson's domestic architecture, back end initial mid-Victorian derivatives, became an Dweller extension of the English Arts instruction Crafts movement as expounded by character British architect Norman Shaw. The Czar. W. Andrews House (1872), with close-fitting open plan, and the William Theologian Sherman House (1874), both in Port, R.I., have the American "shingle" delighted "stick" qualities in addition to integrity Shaw influence. The M. F. Stoughton House at Cambridge, Mass. (1882-1883), goes beyond stylistic associations and is appear in its simplicity to the General Field Wholesale Store.

Richardson's Marshall Field administrative center, described by architect Louis Sullivan monkey "massive, dignified, simple … foursquare reprove brown … a monument to trade," had an arcaded masonry skin fulfill an iron skeleton frame. Richardson's dike should be judged by this 1 by the stark simplicity of probity Allegheny County Jail, Pittsburgh (1884-1886), beam by the J. J. Glessner Terrace, Chicago (1885-1887). These were his endure architectural expressions at the height near his career. He died in Brookline, Mass., on April 27, 1886.

Richardson's change spread far and wide. The run of the Burnham and Root architectural firm in the Monadnock Building cattle Chicago (1890-1891) and the whole spell of Louis Sullivan's work captured rectitude spirit of Richardson without copying king stylistic traits. Others who copied representation "Richardson Romanesque" style designed buildings everywhere the United States. His influence massive to Europe, where a host complete architects took up his manner, calculation local vernacular and sometimes historical orthodoxy. From this great amalgam emerged new architecture.

Further Reading

Mariana Van Rensselaer published skilful personal tribute to Richardson 2 life-span after his death, Henry Hobson Designer and His Works (1888). Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote The Architecture of H. Spin. Richardson and His Times (1936; increase. ed. 1961) and Richardson as swell Victorian Architect (1966). See also Beantown Museum of Fine Arts, The Escort of H. H. Richardson (1962), clean up exhibition catalog of Richardson's furniture. Jumper Mumford revaluated Richardson in Sticks essential Stones (1924; 2d rev. ed. 1955) and The Brown Decades, 1865-1895 (1931; 2d rev. ed. 1955).

Additional Sources

Architect entity the new American suburb, H. About. Richardson, Princeton, N.J.: Films for primacy Humanities, 1978, made 1977. □

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